HEALTH+VE NEXT LEVEL

Hi buddy again with a new topic of health positive i.e how to be fit and healthy round the month n here im to suggest you guys. Ab aap mujh se mere hi fitness ke bare me mat puchhna k main to kabhi fit nahi rahta aur tumko suggest karta hun kya karun main nahi chahta ki aap bhi mere tarah unfit rahe so let's start.But before that if u find some some mistakes then i would love to know from you i m waiting for your feed back...here we go..
topic is..
End emotional eating to get skinny

Losing weight is not such a tough task. Here are some simple yet effective ways to get fit and how

You thought losing weight was an arduous job? Perhaps, it is not really that tough a task. We suggest eight simple steps, which you can follow in order to acquire that aspiring body.

Eating right
This is the first and most effective step to lose weight. And the best way to meet this criterion is by eating healthy food at home. Cooking at home is something that calorie conscious people do. The biggest advantage of preparing your meals at home is that you actually burn calories while cooking, as much as 85 calories per hour. Plus you burn another 35 calories in 15 minutes of washing the dishes after a meal. And while you're at it, keep your mouth preoccupied when preparing food. Chew on gum or drink a cup of tea or coffee to steer clear from unwanted calories.

Affix the right grubs
Fixing up a weight loss diet doesn't always mean cutting on food. Successful weight loss diets always encourage you to add up on the right kind of foods, which will keep you full and satisfied rather than making you crave for more. Try eating more berries whenever you're hungry and accommodate more whole grains like nachni, ragi and oats in your diet.

End emotional eating
Be honest to yourself. Know how you're feeling. If you're feeling down and out, talk to a friend or seek professional counseling but don't fall prey to emotional eating. Remember that a tub of choco-chip ice cream or a bag of potato chips is not the solution to the problems in your life.

Occasionally indulge
Yet, that doesn't mean you don't allow yourself to pig out on those scrumptious deserts or the appetizing pizzas once a way. In fact, it will stop you from letting it build up into an uncontrollable binge. Aim for treats with 200 calories or less, and take a note of those calories in your daily eating routine. Maintain a diary, which will help you monitor your diet.

Snack all day
Eating throughout the day with a gap of three to four hours in-between will keep you satisfied so that you don't overeat. Keep your portions small and fill up your daily meals with fruits, veggies, whole grains, and other healthy options. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. So, avoid skipping your first meal in the day as it will bring down your metabolism. Even if you're not hungry when you wake up, eat something. Over time, you will develop a morning appetite and you will actually intake less food throughout the day.

Squeeze in some exercise
However, simply eating right is not the only method to acquire that aspiring body. A human body was made for movement. Chalk out your day's schedule in such a way that you squeeze in some time for a good workout. Even 10-minutes of exercise in a day are an effective way to reduce your waist size and body mass index (BMI). Go for a jog, brisk walk, or skip. These are very simple exercises, but the results are extremely beneficial. Yet, if you're not up for a mundane workout, indulge in outdoor sports like cycling and swimming, or even exploring nature trails is an enjoyable activity.

Laugh and lose weight
Giggle and gabble as much as you please. A recent study suggested that laughing raised energy expenditure and increased heart rate by 10 to 20 per cent. Moreover, laughing for 10 minutes a day will help you burn up to 40 calories.

HEALTH+VE

Must know gym etiquette's

To stay physically fit and retain your youth and vigour, you need to exercise regularly. "A strong, fit and a healthy mind, body and spirit goes a long way in making you responsible in your actions, creative in your thoughts and graceful in your attitude," says holistic health guru Mickey Mehta. 

If you're among those who have taken to the gym to stay in shape, you need to identify and value the etiquettes of exercises to make it easy and enjoyable not just for you but for the others as well. At a health club - a place where tank tops, generous sweating, and mild grunting are perfectly acceptable, knowing the rules of etiquette becomes more important.

If you find someone violating the gym code of conduct, tackle it well. "Bring it to the attention of the gym manager and let him deal with the situation. You don't want to start a brawl which might lead to an unpleasant situation," says fitness trainer Yasmin Karachiwala. In case you need to brush up on your gym etiquette, here are the pointers...

No streetwear please:
You surely don't want someone who might have stepped into gunk walking into the gym area wearing the same shoes. Keep a separate pair of shoes for gym use only.

Adhere to time restrictions
Many gyms have time limits on cardio machines during busy hours. There's a reason for that, and you should obey it. And bear in mind, throwing your towel over the display doesn't fool anyone.

Cover yourself up
You might have the confidence to walk around the locker room naked. But no one wants to see your 'hot bod'. See to it that you wear at least a towel after your shower to keep the locker room a comfortable place.

Be good to the equipment
Don't drop weights or let plates slam down. It's annoying, and adds to unwanted noise on the gym floor. Everyone in the gym does not need to know how much weight you just lifted.

Keep equipment in place
Never leave dumbbells on the floor when you're finished using them. Someone may trip on the weights. If you leave dumbbells on the floor between sets, criss-cross them against the wall or the bench so that they can't roll away.

Don't be too chatty
Respect people's privacy. Headphones usually equal "don't talk to me". It's not that they hate you but not everyone likes to have their ear chatted off. Also, don't stare at people or sing along with your iPod. And gym isn't the place to catch up on gossip with your neighbor.

Always carry a deo
Everybody smells foul when they workout. Do yourself and others a favour just by spraying a little deodorant on. Also, make sure you wash your gym clothes after every workout.

Prithvi-II missile successfully soars again

Within a span of two days, India demonstrated the reliability of another surface-to-surface missile, with the successful test-firing of Prithvi-II ballistic system to its full range of 350 km on Monday.

(Hypersonic missile Shourya was successfully test-fired from the Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Chandipur on the Orissa coast on Saturday.)

Prithvi-II, was launched at 9 a.m. from Launch Complex-III of the ITR, Balasore in Chandipur by personnel of the Strategic Force Command (SFC) as part of a regular training exercise. After a flight of 500 seconds, it closed in on the predefined target in the Bay of Bengal with a single-digit accuracy of less than 10 metres. The flight test met all the mission objectives and it was a text-book launch.

A battery of radars, electro-optical systems and telemetry stations located along the coast tracked the missile throughout its flight. A naval ship located near the target witnessed the splash down. 

The missile was picked up randomly from the production lot and the launch was monitored by Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) scientists.

Prithvi-II, first indigenously developed strategic missile by the DRDO, was inducted into the armed forces. It was flight-tested a number of times as part of regular user trials.

The single-stage, liquid-propelled missile is equipped with an advanced inertial navigation, control and guidance system and can carry a payload of 500-1,000 kg to a distance of 350 km.

Scientific Adviser to Defence Minister V. K. Saraswat congratulated scientists and other DRDO employees and the armed forces for the successful flight test, says a press release here.

How campus recruitment norms are changing

Spending a major part of the last three years immersed in books was not, after all, a bad idea, feels J. Anusha, as she proudly flaunts the confirmation of her employment by an IT major recently. “I wanted to maintain an overall CGPA of 8.5. The grading which was introduced as many universities abroad insist on it has also come in handy for the recruiting firms,” says the final-year student of Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering.

With many software companies doing away with written tests for high scorers, there is a renewed emphasis on academic credentials, say college students and teachers. Scores in college have increasingly become a major filter during the recruitment of hundreds of students in two days, and sometimes, even in a day.
This year, TCS exempted students of top engineering colleges who have scored over 80 per cent in their course from the written test, while Cognizant has been doing the same with toppers in colleges for a few years now, say sources. “In reputable engineering colleges, there are often at least 50 students in a class of 120 that score over 80 per cent. But the interviews for students who were exempted were quite gruelling. Companies want to reduce their procedures, but won't compromise especially on the communication skills,” says R. Rajakumar, who got recruited in TCS.
“We know the companies are in a hurry so we give them a shortlist of eligible students who then undergo the recruitment procedure. It takes intelligent planning and partnerships by both placement officers of colleges and company personnel,” says Sathish Kumar, placement officer, St. Joseph's College, which placed around 591 students in Cognizant, and about 121 in Wipro this week.
Companies now have panels that have a mix of technical and HR personnel, so the student is tested on all areas in a short time. “Most companies that are allowed to come first often have a large recruitment plan,” says R. Samuel, a senior HR consultant with IT firms.
However, sources say that companies try not to rope in the top-rung performers (those who score 90 per cent and above), especially if they are among the first to recruit. “They know that these students would opt for core companies that come later,” says Amritha Srinivasalau, an engineering student. This is in the context of many colleges following the policy of dual placement that allows a student to appear for the recruitment tests of core companies, even if he/she is selected by an IT firm. Core companies are slated to start their procedures in most colleges only in December.
The eligibility criteria of companies are revised every year after studying the trends, says Mr.Samuel. Group discussions, once a part of the recruitment procedure of many companies, have been done away with by firms, though some, including Accenture and Capgemini, still lay stress on them.
Similarly, companies initially were reluctant to relax their requirement of a minimum of 60 per cent in every degree.
Now they do and some companies, including Wipro, allow one standing arrear and some even allow two. A minimum of just 50 per cent in class X and XII is acceptable too. “And a few including Cognizant offer a relaxation of five per cent in one degree, excluding the one that the student is pursuing, if he/she has secured over 60 per cent in all other areas,” says Mr.Samuel.
These relaxations, however, do not apply to graduates who apply to companies in off-campus procedures. “Even if the bulk recruitment paints a good picture of the industry, it involves only around 1.5 lakh engineers, just 20 per cent of the number of engineers who graduate every year. The others might have to undergo all of the tough procedures,” says Santanu Paul, CEO and Managing Director, TalentSprint, which trains unemployed graduates to make them employable in the IT industry. 

Proton-based chips could let machines talk with living things

Human devices, from light bulbs to iPods, send information using electrons. Human bodies and all other living things, on the other hand, send signals and perform work using ions or protons.

Materials scientists at the University of Washington have built a novel transistor that uses protons, creating a key piece for devices that can communicate directly with living things. The study is published in the journal Nature Communications.

Devices that connect with the human body's processes are being explored for biological sensing or for prosthetics, but they typically communicate using electrons, which are negatively charged particles , rather than protons, which are positively charged hydrogen atoms, or ions, which are atoms with positive or negative charge.

"So there's always this issue, a challenge, at the interface - how does an electronic signal translate into an ionic signal, or vice versa?" said lead author Marco Rolandi. "We found a biomaterial that is very good at conducting protons, and allows the potential to interface with living systems."

In the body, protons activate "on" and "off" switches and are key players in biological energy transfer. Ions open and close channels in the cell membrane to pump things in and out of the cell. Animals including humans use ions to flex their muscles and transmit brain signals. A machine that was compatible with a living system in this way could, in the short term, monitor such processes. Someday it could generate proton currents to control certain functions directly

QUESTION BANK FOR 6TH SEMESTER EEE(2008-12) WITH SYLLABUS

Hi guys sixth semester question bank as well as syllabus. It may be old for you 2010

SYLLABUS
ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT
MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION
POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS
ELECTRICAL MACHINE DESIGN
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING (QB- AVIT, VMKV) , (SOLUTION)

HOW LIGHTENING OCCURS / PRODUCTION OF LIGHTENING

All thunderstorms by definition produce lightning. Thunderstorms in the Southeast U.S. are common during the warm season. Therefore, everyone living in this area has experienced lightning at some point. It is an incredible natural phenomenon that amazes most. But, lightning is also very dangerous to humans, especially those involved in outdoor activities. Most people disregard the dangers of lightning because of the relatively low chance of being struck. However, lightning kills more people each year in the United States than all other weather events except flooding. On average, lightning kills 73 people annually. Injuries usually number in the hundreds. One question that is often asked is "Why do some storms produce a little lightning while others produce a tremendous amount?" Also, some have wondered whether there is a correlation between the amount of lightning and severe weather. The answer to these questions and others, including how to protect oneself from lightning, can better be answered with some background on how lightning works.

Introduction to Lightning Production 

The basic principle behind lightning is charge separation. This means a "pool" of positively charged particles becomes separated from a pool of negatively charged particles. A charge potential naturally develops when such a separation occurs. Basic electricity explains that if a charge potential between two areas in space becomes high enough, a discharge will occur. Since air is an insulator, the potential required for electricity to move through it is very high. If a discharge does occur between the two pools, it is called lightning. The obvious question is how does this charge separation get there in the first place?

The past fifty years of thunderstorm research have nearly unanimously concluded that the cloud charging process depends on ice collisions. So for lightning, ice must be present in a developing cumulonimbus and a large portion of the cloud needs to be well below freezing. Most cloud ice formation occurs between the temperatures of -10° and -40° C. Since the air normally cools with an increase in height, these temperatures are located many thousands of feet above the ground. A towering cumulus cloud needs to grow quite tall to reach this region of subfreezing temperatures. The cloud electrification process is not well understood, but is most likely caused by the collision of tiny ice particles and larger ice crystals. Tiny ice particles take on a positive charge during the collision, while the larger crystals are left with a negative charge. Since the smallest crystals are lighter, they are lofted into the upper portion of the cloud by the updraft. Hence, a pool of positive charge forms in the anvil region of the cloud, while the midlevels develop a negative charge pool. Of course, to get a significant separation of charge in the cloud, this collision process is occurring millions upon millions of times.

Diagram courtesy of COMET

So, once enough collisions have occurred, a large electrical potential has formed between the mid and upper levels of the cloud. Since the lowest portion of the cloud is charged negatively, positive charge in the Earth is attracted to its counterpart. Positive charge in the ground pools under the cloud, following the movement of the cloud. After enough cloud charging takes place, a discharge occurs between the cloud and the ground, to neutralize some of the charge.

Since these lightning bolts originate from a negatively charged portion of the cloud, they are termed "negative cloud-to-ground strikes." The vast majority of lightning from a mature thunderstorm originates from this portion of the cloud. They usually coincide with the rain and possibly hail falling from a storm. But, remember the positively charged ice particles that get lofted into the anvil? This charge can get isolated from the main updraft, so it is located well above the ground where a storm is sometimes not even apparent. Lightning also originates from the anvil, in the form of "positive strikes." These are almost always deadly due to the much higher amount of current required to reach the ground. Positive strikes are responsible for a large number of the annual death toll.

Variance in Lightning Strike Frequency 

The amount of lightning produced by any given thunderstorm can vary significantly. Since several important aspects of storm electrification are not well understood, the explanation for the variance in lightning frequency is also sketchy. A few hypotheses can be stated however. Most of the time, the amount of cloud-to-ground lightning produced by a storm is very similar to other storms on the same day in a similar air mass. Much research indicates that the efficiency of the ice forming processes in a thunderstorm correlate well with the amount of lightning produced. A high icing efficiency is usually achieved when the majority of the cloud is below -10° C. This type of environment often occurs during the spring and fall when the freezing level is closer to the ground. During the summer, icing efficiency can be achieved by a cool and dry layer aloft that enhances the ability of water to freeze.

Terrain such as mountains can also increase the amount of lightning yielded by a storm. Since storms initiate higher in the atmosphere above a mountain than over a plain, their updraft cores begin closer to the subfreezing layer. Forecasters at our office frequently notice cloud-to-ground strikes from very weak radar echoes over the mountains, while similar echoes over the low country are not producing any.

Large clusters of thunderstorms that commonly originate in the Plains states are notorious lightning producers. The flash frequency indicated by graphics from the National Lightning Detection Network is often tremendous, sometimes indicating greater than 5000 strikes in fifteen minutes! Those are usually spread over tens of counties, but nevertheless illustrate an amazing amount of electrical activity. Storm clusters are a large group of individual cells and updrafts, so there is an additive quality about their lightning production ability. Also, clusters are often tilted backward with height, so positive charge that gets lofted into the anvil can travel a significant distance behind the leading edge of the storms. This added charge separation seems to increase the total lightning strikes, especially the quantity of positive strikes from the anvils.

Lightning Safety

Protecting yourself and those whose safety you are responsible for is not too terribly difficult. It usually comes down to whether or not it is convenient. Usually, calling off a sporting event or changing your afternoon plans cannot depend entirely upon the forecast. Storms are very common in the Southeast on summer days. But, thunderstorms naturally provide a convenient warning about their approach: thunder! Generally, if you can hear thunder, you are at risk of being struck by lightning. A commonly misperceived notion is that it must be raining before you can get struck. A recent study found that most human lightning casualties occurred before and after the main rain core. Also, as mentioned earlier, positive strikes from the top of a thunderstorm usually strike areas quite distant from the parent storm. At least 10 percent of lightning strikes occur with no visible clouds overhead. Also, positive strikes are nearly always fatal to humans. So to avoid the risk of being struck by lightning, move to a substantial shelter or an enclosed vehicle until the storm passes and thunder can no longer be heard. If caught outdoors without adequate shelter, try not to be the tallest object. Crouch down in a grove of small trees, or at least get as low as possible and away from tall, isolated objects. Always avoid bodies of water such as pools, lakes and the ocean.

When indoors, a few safety rules should be followed as well. Since lightning is a potent source of electricity, it can move about poor electrical conductors with ease. If lightning strikes an object outside your house, it can travel inside via electrical wiring, plumbing, even clotheslines. Generally, avoid all contact or proximity to these types of conduits to vastly cut down on the risk. By remembering a few rules, the risk of being struck or affected by lightning can be greatly reduced. To minimize risk of damage to valuable indoor appliances, unplug as many as possible before a storm hits. Modern surge protectors cannot adequately protect electronics from lightning.

Lightning and Severe Thunderstorms

Lightning not only causes many deaths and injuries each year, but also much damage to property, especially electrical appliances. Numerous people, especially those who have lost property due to lightning, have suggested that the National Weather Service issue warnings for anomalous lightning activity. But, no research has yet linked thunderstorms' severity (hail, wind, tornadoes) to their quantitative lightning production. Although some severe thunderstorms produce an incredible amount of lightning, this is often because they have vigorous updrafts too. Since all thunderstorms produce lightning, which in turn can cause death and destruction regardless of quantity, we cannot issue warnings for lightning. On this note, reports to the NWS about lightning activity are of no use and actually disrupt our ability to warn for severe storms. Lightning activity is easily monitored remotely via the National Lightning Detection Network, displayed in a map format. Reports of hail, strong wind, flooding and storm rotation are much more useful because we cannot detect these events directly.

Conclusions

Lightning is a powerful yet incredible natural occurrence that affects almost everyone at some point in his or her life. From a safe indoor location, its beauty and grandeur can be marveled. Unfortunately, lightning deaths and injuries in the Southeast far outnumber other parts of the country. The main explanation for this is the high population density and large number of thunderstorm days. The abundance of outdoor activities in the Southeast, such as at lakes, sporting events, and farms also contribute to the higher casualties for the area. So, a greater public awareness is necessary to cut down on the number of lightning tragedies. It is imperative that coaches and leaders of outdoor activities be informed about proper lightning safety procedures. Individuals involved in such group activities will rarely if ever take the sole initiative to protect their own life by leaving prematurely. One primary mission of the National Weather Service is to inform the public of proper weather safety procedures to reduce or eliminate casualties. We hope that you will implement this information into your daily activities.