Magnetic computers coming Soon: Could use million times less energy

Today's silicon-based microprocessor chips depend on electric currents, or moving

electrons, that generate a lot of waste heat.But microprocessors employing nanometre-sized bar magnets -- like tiny refrigerator magnets -- for memory, logic and switching operations theoretically would require no moving electrons. A nanometre is a bnth of a metre.

Such chips would dissipate only 18 millielectron volts of energy per operation at room temperature, the minimum allowed by the laws of thermodynamics. That's a million times less energy per operation than consumed by today's computers.

"Today, computers run on electricity; by moving electrons around a circuit, you can process information," said Brian Lambson, University of California Berkeley graduate student in electrical engineering and computer sciences, according to a California statement.

"A magnetic computer, on the other hand, doesn't involve any moving electrons. You store and process information using magnets, and if you make these magnets really small, you can basically pack them very close together so that they interact with one another.

Lambson is working with Jeffrey Bokor, professor of electrical engineering and computer sciences at California, to develop magnetic computers

"A magnetic computer, on the other hand, doesn't involve any moving electrons. You store and process information using magnets, and if you make these magnets really small, you can basically pack them very close together so that they interact with one another.

Lambson is working with Jeffrey Bokor, professor of electrical engineering and computer sciences at California, to develop magnetic computers

Getting there faster: Mac and PC command keys

You can get a lot done on your computer without ever touching your mouse. Command keys can speed up work and save some wear and tear on your wrists. And some of these shortcuts even include a few surprises.

It’s a known fact that small finger movements on the mouse can sometimes have painful consequences. Mouse arm -- or RSI syndrome -- remains a problem despite the predominance of ergonomic mice.

But the shortcuts can help cut down on some of these gestures, while getting your work done faster. Indeed, there are shortcuts for just about every operating system and software. And just about every action that can be performed with a mouse can also be done with keyboard commands.

Many of these commands can be found online on sites that sort various keyboard options by function.

In Windows for example data can be opened, moved, renamed or thrown away with command keys. A window in Windows 7 can be maximized by simultaneously pressing the Windows key and the up arrow.

Switching to the down arrow minimizes the window, while the Windows key and M minimizes all windows. Reverse that by hitting Windows, shift and M at the same time.

Pressing Windows and the Tab key get you a 3D view. Explorer starts with a combination of the Windows key and E.

Many of these codes are the same on both Macs and PCs. Whereas PCs rely on the Ctrl button, Apple machines rely on the Apple button, which has been replaced by the cmd button on some models.

Thus, while the cursor on a PC can be moved through text with Ctrl and an arrow key, Mac does the same with a combination of cmd and an arrow key, jumping ahead to the end of a line or page. Switching to the alt button moves you through one word at a time.

But, despite these similarities, people who switch between systems might have some problems adjusting. Macs don’t have a simple right-click option, which can be used on a PC to pull up a lot of important function options. But that is emulated on the Mac by hitting Ctrl while clicking with the mouse.

Most Windows users will eventually find special keys on a Mac keyboard, but knowing the right combinations will get you there quicker.

Regardless of operating system, most of today’s browsers also offer a lot of helpful shortcuts. Ctrl and T will let you tab over (cmd and T on a Mac). The shift and space bars let you move back and forth between pages on Firefox and Internet Explorer.

Alt and an arrow key let you move between tabs. To quickly get to the search window, try Ctrl-K with Firefox, Ctrl-E with Internet Explorer and Cmd-Shift-L with Safari.

The examples could go on and on. But once you get used to them, you can work more effectively and spare your joints.

As a bonus, some programmes hide surprises -- Easter eggs -- behind unusual key combinations. For example, if users of QuarkXPress place a box in the middle of the screen and then hit Shift-Option-cmd-K, their display will be visited by funny aliens who put on a fireworks show around the box.

But such Easter eggs have fallen out of favour, since many companies feel it will make them look less than professional.

DIL KI BATEN

Aksar main apne doston ke beech me shayari karta hun actualy main apni dil ki bat jo itni badi hoti hai usse kuchh chand lafzon me kahne ki koshish karta hun par pata nahi kitno to yun hi muskura dete hai ki main sher bol raha hun aur to kuchh isliye muskurate hai ki mujhe bura na lage par koi bhi dil  se mere dil ke un alfaz ko samjhne ki kosish nahi karta phir main ye sochta hun agar wo samjh bhi jayenge to kya kar sakte hai agar dukh hai to  sympathy denge aur khushi hai to wo bhi khush honge lekin main hamesh khush to nahi rah sakta na ? jindgi me dukh ate hai lekin agar dukh aisa ho ke us par na hans sako na ro sako to jindagi 1 bojh ban ke rah jati hai.

main chahta hun mere dost hamesha mujh se khush rahe kabhi meri taraf se koi galti na ho ab insani fitrat hoti h kuchh galtiyan to ho hi jati h. sachhe doston ki to tabhi pahchan hoti h tab kuchh bura hota hai. Har kisi ke jindagi me 1 bura wakt ana chahiye us se logon ki pahchan ho jati hai.

mere zehan me kuchh alfaz aa rahe hai main wo likhna chahunga

Jaan se bhi zyada unhe pyar kiya karte the,

yaad unhe din rat kiya karte the,

ab un raho se guzra nahi jata,

jaha baith kar unka intezaar kiya karte the.! 

Engineers Develop One-Way Transmission System for Sound Waves

While many hotel rooms, recording studios, and even some homes are built with materials to help absorb or reflect sound, mechanisms to truly control the direction of sound waves are still in their infancy. However, researchers at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) have now created the first tunable acoustic diode-a device that allows acoustic information to travel only in one direction, at controllable frequencies.The mechanism they developed is outlined in a paper published on July 24 in the journal Nature Materials.
 Borrowing a concept from electronics, the acoustic diode is a component that allows a current -- in this case a sound wave -- to pass in one direction, while blocking the current in the opposite direction. "We exploited a physical mechanism that causes a sharp transition between transmitting and nontransmitting states of the diode," says Chiara Daraio, professor of aeronautics and applied physics at Caltech and lead author on the study. "Using experiments, simulations, and analytical predictions, we demonstrated the one-way transmission of sound in an audible frequency range for the first time."
 This new mechanism brings the idea of true soundproofing closer to reality. Imagine two rooms labeled room A and room B. This new technology, Daraio explains, would enable someone in room A to hear sound coming from room B; however, it would block the same sound in room A from being heard in room B.
 "The concept of the one-way transmission of sound could be quite important in architectural acoustics, or the science and engineering of sound control within buildings," says Georgios Theocharis, a postdoctoral scholar in Daraio's laboratory and a co-author of the study.
 The system is based on a simple assembly of elastic spheres -- granular crystals that transmit the sound vibrations -- that could be easily used in multiple settings, can be tuned easily, and can potentially be scaled to operate within a wide range of frequencies, meaning its application could reach far beyond soundproofing.
 Similar systems have been demonstrated by other scientists, but they all feature smooth transitions between transmitting and nontransmitting states instead of the sharp transitions needed to be more effective at controlling the flow of sound waves. To obtain the sharp transition, the team created a periodic system with a small defect that supports this kind of quick change from an "on" to an "off" transmission state. According to Daraio, this means the system is very sensitive to small variations of operational conditions, like pressure and movement, making it useful in the development of ultrasensitive acoustic sensors to detect sound waves. The system can also operate at different frequencies of sound and is capable of downshifting, or reducing the frequency of the traveling signals, as needed.
 "We propose to use these effects to improve energy-harvesting technologies," she says. "For example, we may be able to scavenge sound energy from undesired structural vibrations in machinery by controlling the flow of sound waves away from the machinery and into a transducer. The transducer would then convert the sound waves into electricity." Daraio says the technology can also shift the undesired frequencies to a range that enables a more efficient conversion to electricity.The team plans to continue studying the fundamental properties of these systems, focusing on their potential application to energy-harvesting systems. They also believe that these systems may be applicable to a range of technologies including biomedical ultrasound devices, advanced noise control, and even thermal materials aimed at temperature control.
 "Because the concepts governing wave propagation are universal to many systems, we envision that the use of this novel way to control energy might enable the design of many advanced thermal and acoustic materials and devices," says Daraio.
 The research was supported by the National Science Foundation, the Office of Naval Research, and the A. S. Onassis Benefit Foundation.

Data Travelling by light

Regular LEDs can be turned into optical WLAN with only a few additional components thanks to visible light communication (in short, VLC). The lights are then not just lighting up, they also transfer data. They send films in HD quality to your iPhone or laptop, with no loss in quality, quickly and safely.Just imagine the following scenario: four people are comfortably ensconced in a room. Each one of them can watch a film from the Internet on his or her laptop, in HD quality. This is made possible thanks to optical WLAN. Light from the LEDs in the overhead lights serves as the transfer medium. For a long time, this was just a vision for the future. However, since scientists from the Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute HHI in Berlin, Germany, have developed a new transfer technology for video data within the scope of the OMEGA project of the EU, its implementation in real life is getting markedly closer.

At the end of May, the scientists were able to present the results of the project in Rennes, France. They were able to transfer data at a rate of 100 megabits per second (Mbit/s) without any losses, using LEDs in the ceiling that light up more than ten square meters (90 square feet). The receiver can be placed anywhere within this radius, which is currently the maximum range. "This means that we transferred four videos in HD quality to four different laptops at the same time," says Dr. Anagnostis Paraskevopoulos from the HHI.

"The fundamentals of visible light communication (VLC) were developed together with the industry partners Siemens and France Telecom Orange Labs," said the expert. At HHI, the team of project manager Klaus-Dieter Langer is now further developing the new technology. "For VLC the sources of light -- in this case, white-light LEDs -- provide lighting for the room at the same time they transfer information. With the aid of a special component, the modulator, we turn the LEDs off and on in very rapid succession and transfer the information as ones and zeros. The modulation of the light is imperceptible to the human eye. A simple photo diode on the laptop acts as a receiver.

As Klaus-Dieter Langer explains, "The diode catches the light, electronics decode the information and translate it into electrical impulses, meaning the language of the computer." One advantage is that it takes only a few components to prepare the LEDs so that they function as transfer media. One disadvantage is that as soon as something gets between the light and the photo diode (for example, when someone holds his hand over the diode) the transfer is impaired. Laptops, Palm devices or mobile telephones are all potential end devices.The scientists emphasize that VLC is not intended to replace regular WLAN, PowerLAN or UMTS. It is best suited as an additional option for data transfer where radio transmission networks are not desired or not possible -- without needing new cables or equipment in the house. Combinations are also possible, such as optical WLAN in one direction and PowerLAN for the return channel. Films can be transferred to the PC like this and also played there, or they can be sent on to another computer.The new transmission technology is suitable for hospitals, for example, because radio transmissions are not allowed there. Despite this fact, high data rates must be transmitted without losses and unzipped, according to the experts. If part of the communication occurs via the light in the surgical room, this would make it possible to control wireless surgical robots or transmit x-ray images. In airplanes, each passenger could view his own entertainment program on a display, saving aircraft manufacturers miles of cables. Another possible venue for the application of this technology are production facilities, where radio transmissions very often interfere with the processes.

Ideal diet before and after workout

 What you eat before and after a workout is as important as theregimen itself...An effective workout depends on many factors - the mostimportant one being your diet. What you eat before a workout prepares your body for the stress and the meal after that isresponsible for muscle building and body repair. Here's whatyou must keep in mind so as to tailor your meals and maximizeyour workout.

PRE WORKOUT:
Get the carbs Give your body a dose of carbohydrates one hour before youhit the gym. Eat a fruit (apple would be ideal). You may alsohave toast, cornflakes or idlis. You could also just eat a bananafor the complex carbohydrates it provides. These foods need comparatively little time to digest, are easy on the body and provide you with maximum energy during the workout. Also,ensure that you drink a glass of water before the workout, so that your body is well hydrated.
 Never go hungry
Do not hit the gym on an empty stomach. The stress that exercise has on the body, combined with the lack of sugar (energy) will lead to hypoglycemia, a condition that will make you prone to fatigue.
After a heavy meal
For a diabetic, it is very important to workout soon after aheavy meal. However, normal individuals must maintain a gap of two to three hours between a heavy meal and the workout. The logic is to allow the sugar level in the body to reach an optimum level.
POST WORKOUT:
Use the window
During a workout, the level of cortisol (also known as the  destructive hormone) in the body increases, thereby making it prone to infections. That's precisely why the hour just after a workout is known as the 'window period', as it allows for infections to enter the body. Use this opportunity and eat as soon as possible.
Get a drink
The body loses salt due to sweating. That is why it's very important to compensate via a rich source of electrolyte such as ORT.
Have proteins, but...
Do not rely completely on proteins for your supply of energy, as they are far more difficult to digest and take a toll on your kidneys. To aid digestion, make sure you include lots of greens

in your meal, as they are rich in fibre.
Create supplements
The body needs a high-protein diet for muscle building. However, relying on supplements is not the answer. The best option for a post workout DIY supplement is to take the watery part of curd (that is very rich in proteins), chop a banana and apple into it and put it in the blender. It's a perfect combination of proteins and carbohydrates. Not to forget, the apple is rich in fibre

FRIENDSHIP DAY SONG DEDICATED TO ALL FRIENDS

I still hear your voice. I still miss your hands.
Today again I live withing your traces.
I still see you. I still feel your warmth.
Today again I live within the time spent with you.
In some stranger who passes by.
In leaves that fall and dance in the wind.
In the evening wind that touches my cheek.
You are in everything I see, hear and feel.
How about you ? How about you ?
Do you feel the same way ? How about you ?
I still feel you.
Like this, even at the moment when I'm singing this song.

 HAPPY FRIENDSHIP DAY TO ALL MY FRIENDS LOVE U A LOT